Bachelor-of-Digital-Society.md

@@ -37,7 +37,17 @@ Summary provided by Simone Schleper (History), based on the sources cited.
 
 </summary>
 
-**Agency** theories comprise different definitions and concepts depending on subject areas. In the social sciences, _agency_ is defined as the capacity of individuals to actively and independently choose and engage. Therefore, agency theories are linked with (political) participation and power theories.
+**Agency** theories comprise different definitions and concepts depending on subject areas. In the social sciences, _agency_ is defined as the capacity of individuals to actively and independently choose and engage. Therefore, agency theories are often linked with (political) participation and power theories.
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+However, agency, above all the concept of **individual agency** is also important in the study of human-computer interactions, psychological research and organisational economoy. A paper by Ingrid Schoon & Jutta Heckhausen (2019) used the concept to analyse young people's transition from school to work. Schoon and Heckhausen define individual agency as follows:
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+"At the most general level, individual agency is understood as intentional action, i.e. the capability to set goals (i.e. intention), plan their pursuit and attainment in the future (i.e. action planning; foresight), and allow behavior to be guided by goal pursuit (i.e. action-regulation). Moreover, asking what motivates individuals, psychological theories of individual agency have built on the classical expectancy-value theories (Lewin et al. 1944; Tolman 1932) as applied to achievement motivated behavior (Eccles and Wigfield 2002; Heckhausen and Heckhausen 2018). Expectancy-value models propose that goal choices and their pursuit are determined by expectancies about the likelihood of attaining the goal and values associated with attaining the goal." (Schoon & Heckhausen, 2019, p. 137)
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+Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. The Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57. [https://doi.org/10.2307/258191](https://doi.org/10.2307/258191)
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+Schlosser, M. (2019). Agency. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2019). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. [https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/agency/](https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/agency/)
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+Schoon, I., & Heckhausen, J. (2019). Conceptualizing individual agency in the transition from school to work: A social-ecological developmental perspective. Adolescent Research Review, 4(2), 135–148. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-019-00111-3](https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-019-00111-3)
 
 Summary provided by Monika Barget (History), based on the sources cited.