Bachelor-of-Digital-Society.md

@@ -292,6 +292,21 @@ Summary provided by Monika Barget (History), based on the sources cited.
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+### Infrastructural inversion
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+In the course ‘Controversies in Digital Society’, we discussed ‘infrastructures’, essential to the functioning of the contemporary world, including electricity, transport, and the internet. Infrastructures are often defined as easy to use but hard to see, and only noticeable when they do NOT work. In many courses, you were reminded of the materiality of digital technologies. The infrastructure supporting digital societies includes devices such as smartphones and laptops, and also includes satellites, underground and undersea cables, routers, standards, and many other physical and symbolic objects. 
+‘Infrastructural inversion’ is a concept/method introduced by Bowker and Star (1999) to help us be attentive to infrastructures, by learning to look closely at the technologies and practices (see Practice theory entry) that tend to fade into the woodwork, sometimes literally. These include paying attention to technical standards and protocols, and to both the symbolic and material aspects of infrastructure. 
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+- Reference (in UM Library): Bowker, G. C., & Star, S. L. (1999). Sorting Things Out. Classification and its Consequences. The MIT Press.
+Summary provided by Sally Wyatt, based on the sources cited.
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 ### (Social) Inequality
 
 </summary>