Bachelor-of-Digital-Society.md

@@ -96,11 +96,11 @@ Mejias, U. A. & Couldry, N. (2019). [Datafication](https://doi.org/10.14763/2019
 
 Theoretical approaches concerning the "**death of data**" were a tutorial topic in the BA DS course "Making Your Own Online Presence". On the one hand, "death of data" relates to data loss or deletion motivated by infrastructural change, political decisions, or individual users' "**right to be forgotten**" (Fichtelman, 2018). On the other hand, "death of data" is a concept in positivist versus poststructuralist debates on what data are in the first place and who has the power or the right to create them. In these debates, researchers discuss whether the existence of data depends on specific infrastructures or a theory that “acknowledges them as data” ([St. Pierre & Adams](https://journals-sagepub-com.mu.idm.oclc.org/doi/10.1177/1532708613487882#bibr25-1532708613487882), 2011, p. 621).
 
-Fichtelman, C. A. (2018). _Right to be forgotten: a legal research guide_ (Ser. Legal research guides, volume 73). William S. Hein & Co.
+Fichtelman, C. A. (2018). _Right to be forgotten: a legal research guide_ (Ser. Legal research guides, volume 73). William S. Hein & Co. \[Book\]
 
 Koro-Ljungberg, M., MacLure, M., & Denzin, N. K. (2013). [“the death of data?”](https://doi.org/10.1177/1532708613487882) Cultural Studies \<-\> Critical Methodologies, 13(4), 353–356.
 
-St. Pierre, Adams E. (2011). “Post qualitative research: The critique and the coming after.” In Denzin N. K., Lincoln Y. S. (Eds.), _Handbook of qualitative research_, 4/e (pp. 611-626). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
+St. Pierre, Adams E. (2011). “Post qualitative research: The critique and the coming after.” In Denzin N. K., Lincoln Y. S. (Eds.), _Handbook of qualitative research_, 4/e (pp. 611-626). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. \[Book\]
 
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@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ The concept of **eudaimonia** goes back to the works of the ancient Greek philos
 
 Different authors have shaped **feminist theory** as a research approach, often in conjunction with the **five waves** of cultural and political feminism. A recent strand of feminist theory which pays particular attention to power relations and biases in the digital age is [data feminism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Feminism). Feminist theory not only concerns women's societal roles but also considers [intersectionality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersectionality) and challenges hierarchies and inequalities more generally.
 
-D'Ignazio, C., & Klein, L. F. (2020). _Data feminism_ (Ser. Ideas series). MIT Press.
+D'Ignazio, C., & Klein, L. F. (2020). _Data feminism_ (Ser. Ideas series). MIT Press. \[Book\]
 
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@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ Social sciences approaches to **(artificial) intelligence** were at the heart of
 
 The BA DS course "Making Knowledge and Manufacturing Doubt" discussed **theories of knowledge**. This course addressed knowledge practices, knowledge dissemination and utilisation, and **post-truth**. **Agnotology** is a field of research that examines the cultural creation and maintenance of knowledge, ignorance and doubt. Crucial authors of the sociology of knowledge are Peter Buke and Robert King Merton.
 
-Burke, P. (2012). A social history of knowledge (Vol. II, from the Encyclopédie to Wikipedia). Polity.Burke, P. (2016). What is the history of knowledge? (Ser. What is history? series). Polity.
+Burke, P. (2012). A social history of knowledge (Vol. II, from the Encyclopédie to Wikipedia). Polity.Burke, P. (2016). What is the history of knowledge? (Ser. What is history? series). Polity. \[Book\]
 
 Merton, R. K. (1937). [The sociology of knowledge](https://doi.org/10.1086/347276). Isis, 27, 493–503.
 
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ In historical and political terms, postcolonialism describes the period followin
 
 **Smart cities** were addressed in several BA DS courses, including "Digitalisation and Politics". The digital transformation of **cities** is a challenge in terms of infrastructure, policy, and ethics. Academic studies, therefore, analyse city ecosystems and suggest solutions for this transformation.
 
-Gassmann, O., Böhm Jonas, & Palmié Maximilian. (2019). Smart cities: introducing digital innovation to cities. Emerald Publishing
+Gassmann, O., Böhm Jonas, & Palmié Maximilian. (2019). Smart cities: introducing digital innovation to cities. Emerald Publishing \[Book\]
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@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ Gassmann, O., Böhm Jonas, & Palmié Maximilian. (2019). Smart cities: introduci
 
 **Utopias** related to digital transformations were discussed in the BA DS courses "Artificial Society", "The Good Life", and "Digital Cultures". Utopias, in general, imagine positive, perfected places or conditions. **Digital utopianism** is also referred to as **cyber-utopianism**, **web-utopianism**, **digital utopianism** or the concept of a **utopian internet**. This form of **technological utopianism** rose in the 1990s and imagines a collaborative, inclusive, libertarian and democratic world based on the Internet. This positive interpretation of the digital negates cold-war fears of "**mechanical conformity**" and the "**military-industrial complex**" (Turner, 2006).
 
-Turner, F. (2006). _From counterculture to cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the rise of digital utopianism_. University of Chicago Press.
+Turner, F. (2006). _From counterculture to cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the rise of digital utopianism_. University of Chicago Press. \[Book\]
 
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